Which will have less RF noise, a shielded unbalanced line or a balanced line with a floated shield? Common migration routes from East Africa to Europe. Keith Vaughan, “Drawing of a seated male nude,” 1949. Photo by Marcelo Camargo/Agência Brasil. The Baffler הוא כתב עת אמריקאי לניתוח תרבותי, פוליטי ועסקי. That’s enough to justify a five week tour, and with tour support, they can use a proper crew, buy some good equipment and even get a tour bus! Courtesy the estate of Keith Vaughan / Creative Commons. Crew: $5,000 Manufacturing, packaging and distribution @ $2.20 per record: $550,000 March 2016, Havana, Cuba. less advance: $250,000 53, the Consensusphere.. Since the previous one never “recouped,” the band will have no leverage, and will oblige. Publishing advance: $20,000 No. The Baffler Issue 46 cover. Studio: $52,500 Issues . Record wholesale price $6,50 x 250,000 = $1,625,000 gross income Artist Royalties: $351,000 They sold a quarter million copies! He had failed to come through on any of his promises (something he did with similar effect to another well-known band), and so the band wanted out. What can be done for a shedding master tape? The explanation usually copped-to is that the scout will be “hip” to the current musical “scene.” A more important reason is that the bands will intuitively trust someone they think is a peer, and who speaks fondly of the same formative rock and roll experiences. Ludwig von Mises is seated in the center with mustache and cigarette. When I finally stumbled onto a copy in early 1994, I turned straight to the much-celebrated essay “The Problem With Music,” an eight-page rant against the rock industry by the guitarist and recording engineer Steve Albini. Wardrobe: $1,000 It was dedicated, we used to say, to giving the chancers, chiselers, mountebanks and buffoons who make American culture their due before a literate public. Above, Hurricane Maria relief efforts in Puerto Rico, October 2017 (Agustín Montañez / National Guard), From the music video for “Unforgettable,” by French Montana, featuring Swae Lee (FrenchMontanaVEVO / Youtube), Wizkid performing at Royal Albert Hall, London, September 2017 (Michael Tubi / Alamy Live News), The cover of L’antinorm, published by the Homosexual Front for Revolutionary Action (FHAR), February 1973. There’s a gold mine here! I wondered: why aren’t there more public voices like this? – The good taste to know when to exercise it. Whatever. a totally unauthorized magazine that some friends and I started back in 1988. It was relaunched with Volume 2, Issue 1 (#18) in 2010, with a new publisher, editors, and design. Photo by David Himbert / Hans Lucas Studio. We publish four print issues annually, as well as online content every day of the cursed workweek. One of my favorite bands was held hostage for two years by a “He’s not like a label guy at all,” A&R rep. Back from dormancy on the occasion of the economic crisis, The Baffler makes me laugh out loud, brings me to brink of tears and then fills me with sensate rage. Baffler BOOM! Maybe the t-shirt guys have figured out how to count money like record company guys. In pursuit of "cool," a man immerses himself in a subculture of kite enthusiasts. Crew (3): $7,500 Photo courtesy of David Kidd/Governing. The Baffler, est. The Baffler produces solid journalism that is hard-hitting and at times humorous. © Nina Berman/Marcellus Shale Documentary Project 2014. February 2018, Havana, Cuba. Photo by Todd Gitlin. Bryan did lose, but his campaign, the first of three he waged for the White House, transformed the Democrats into an anti-corporate, pro-labor party. Offline: $2,000 Eventually become a second engineer. The Baffler is sold through many different distribution channels, both as a book and as a magazine; in addition to the publication's ISSN, all but the earliest issues have an individual ISBN.. Relaunch and move []. Gottfried Haberler also pictured, at right. That’s why few self-respecting engineers will allow themselves to be called “producers.”. As its own promotional material humbly puts it, “The Baffler is turning out to be to the American 1990s what The American Mercury was to the 1920s or The Masses was to the teens.”. After years of reading bits and bobs of previous Baffler issues (as well as the two collections of "salvos", Commodify your Dissent and Boob Jubilee), I finally subscribed and this is the first issue I received. The excuse given by producers for inflicting such an imbalance on a rock band is that it makes the record sound more like the Beatles. By now all rock bands are wise enough to be suspicious of music industry scum. Compression by the ton, especially if it comes from a tube limiter. Art for The Life and Death of the Dream Job. Recoupable buyout from previous label: $50,000 He tells them he wants to go to bat for them, to try to get them everything they want. If you short the cold leg of a differential input to ground, what happens to the signal level? Words like “Punchy,” “Warm,” “Groove,” “Vibe,” “Feel.” Especially “Punchy” and “Warm.” Every time I hear those words, I want to throttle somebody. Whenever I talk to a band who are about to sign with a major label, I always end up thinking of them in a particular context. I hate it. Processing and transfers: $3,000 A problem statement can be several paragraphs long and serve as the basis for your research proposal, or it can be condensed into just a few sentences in the introduction of your paper or thesis. The band is now 1/4 of the way through its contract, has made the music industry more than 3 million dollars richer, but is in the hole $14,000 on royalties. There’s this band. New fancy professional guitar amp rigs (2): $4,000 right now, yes, the people are facing the Islamic State threat, so it’s very important to have a unified focus. The Baffler no. The Baffler was (and still is!) I mean something beyond knowing that you can drop an SM57 without breaking it. What they do is present the band with a letter of intent, or “deal memo,” which loosely states some terms, and affirms that the band will sign with the label once a contract has been agreed on. In 2003, the Kurdish peshmerga sided with the U.S.-led coalition against Saddam Hussein. In 2009, founding editor Frank decided to revive the magazine. French leaders blame universities for spreading ideals of fraternity and equality, The end of Trump Plaza and the future of Atlantic City. The PYD was founded in 2003 and immediately banned; its members were jailed and murdered, and a Kurdish uprising in Qamishli was met with severe military violence by the regime. Jair Bolsonaro, at a debate about violence against women in Brazil’s chamber of deputies, September 2016. It was a lot to think about. (How many producers does it take to change a light bulb?—Hmmm. Impressive words like these, now at a discount. He’s like one of them. Or they can have just anybody record it (like Warton Tiers, maybe—cost you 5 or 10 grand) and have Andy Wallace remix it for 4 grand a track plus 2 points. – Experience with the style of music at hand, to know when obvious blunders are occurring. A problem statement is a statement of a current issue or problem that requires timely action to improve the situation. Cameras: $8,000 Photo by George Karandinos. Equipment rental: $5,000 Books Printed pages from our friends and contributors . I imagine a trench, about four feet wide and five feet deep, maybe sixty yards long, filled with runny, decaying shit. A sticky one? Early voting locations in the Indianapolis metro area in 2016, via IndyStar. He will need to be compensated, of course, for the remaining albums left on their contract, but he’ll work it out with the label himself. "Gedney had read an article in Men’s Journal on the kite craze in Europe, and he knew he wanted to be a part of it. There are several reasons A&R scouts are always young. Your Lifestyle Sucks Hat . Political strategist Jessica Byrd. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand this policy. ... baffler commented Oct 3, 2020. 15% of nothing isn’t much! Ridiculous! Established in 1988 by editors Thomas Frank and Keith White, it was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, until 2010, when it moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. There are a hundred other bands willing to sign the exact same contract, so the label is in a position of strength. Here is the math that will explain just how fucked they are: These figures are representative of amounts that appear in record contracts daily. Trendy electronics and other flashy shit that nobody really needs. Countries party to the Khartoum process are shaded in orange (note: not all shown on this map). A falling note? He knows some of the label guys, and he can shop their next project to all the right people. Five years ago, everything everywhere was being done with discrete samples. Stacey Abrams, Minority Leader of the Georgia House of Representatives and Democratic candidate for governor of Georgia. It doesn’t matter how awful the recording is, as long as it goes through a tube limiter, somebody will claim it sounds “warm,” or maybe even “punchy.” They might even compare it to the Beatles. Issues Baffler back issues, all the way from the beginning. With Problem-Attic, you can act on the data, with the world’s largest online question bank and the most flexible formatting and delivery system. On a dilapidated Havana street, an elderly man searches through the garbage. The Baffler no. Problems … To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. He used a bunch of equipment on them and by the end of it, they all agreed that it sounded very “punchy,” yet “warm.”. Why can’t people try to sound like the Smashchords or Metal Urbain or Third World War for a change? Sub Pop made millions from selling off Nirvana, and Twin Tone hasn’t done bad either: 50 grand for the Babes and 60 grand for the Poster Children—without having to sell a single additional record. Copies, couriers, transportation: $2,000 At the University of Bristol, February 28 (Bristol UCU / Facebook), Students rally in support of the lecturers’ strike, February 23 (Bristol UCU / Facebook), Part of a much larger painted banner in Bristol, February 28 (Bristol UCU / Facebook), AMLO mural in Mexico City, 2007 (Randal Sheppard / Flickr), MORENA supporters at a rally in Itzapalapa, Mexico City, April 2015 (Eneas De Troya / Flickr), Audience members waiting for the program to begin at a MORENA rally, March 2016 (Eneas De Troya / Flickr), MORENA supporter leafletting against energy reforms, 2013 (Eneas De Troya / Flickr), Andrés Manuel López Obrador on the campaign trail during his previous presidential run, May 2012 (Arturo Alfaro Galán), At a protest against the alleged Pizzagate conspiracy, Washington, D.C., March 25, 2017 (Blink O’fanaye / Flickr), [W]hen we refer to all Kurdish fighters synonymously, we simply blur the fact that they have very different politics. Courtesy of Eric Lee. Just think about it, a quarter-million, just for being in a rock band! For this reason, some other parts of the Syrian resistance consider them Assad’s allies. When he tells them no one will interfere in their creative process, he probably even believes it. Thanks for the info, I'll see if I can recreate the issue. 53 . Income is underlined, expenses are not. W henever I talk to a band who are about to sign with a major label, I always end up thinking of them in a particular context. Studio fee: $52,500 older issues. He’s young and dresses pretty much like the band does. Do that for a few years, then you can try your hand at producing. Using them for final masters is almost fraudulently irresponsible. He reaches for the pen, but the Lackey says, “Actually, I think you need a little more development. They conclude the evening by taking home a copy of a deal memo they wrote out and signed on the spot. There is no attempt to be more global than thou. Lawyer’s fee: $1,000 At the 1936 International Conference of Business Cycle Institutes, sponsored by the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, Vienna. The problem statement will look different depending on whether you’re dealing with a practical real-world problem or a theoretical scientific issue. New fancy professional drum kit: $5,000 _The Baffler_ has no suggestions, which in the end makes it a shrill mouthpiece of powerlessness. The new label was afraid the price would be too dear, and they said no thanks. Like most journals or magazines, it's difficult to assign a specific rating. 55 . hi i am having problem with the program, it don't closes down completely i have to go to task manager to end the program. © Nina Berman/Marcellus Shale Documentary Project 2015. Eleven-year-old Liza Greenberg, daughter of David and Suzanne Nossel. Selling drugs in the shadow of an abandoned factory, North Philadelphia. With the help of a video, the album went like hotcakes! What degree of overbias gives you the most headroom at 10Khz? For insights and analysis from the longest-running democratic socialist magazine in the United States, sign up for our newsletter: Austin Frerick, who launched a bid for Iowa’s third congressional district on an antimonopoly platform, dropped out when party leaders made it clear that they preferred his better-funded opponents. The barely distinguishable personalities who explain the meaning of every event are growing ever chattier—about wars and mobs. These guys are universally young (about the same age as the bands being wooed), and nowadays they always have some obvious underground rock credibility flag they can wave. DAT machines. 3. Courtesy of Le Canard enchaîné. Nobody on earth could make the Smashing Pumpkins sound like the Beatles. Their rhetorical sleights, which tactically defer arguments made by the powerless, unmoneyed, or truly dead, are hallmarks of the media-size filter bubble we call, in Baffler no. 1988, is a magazine of art, criticism, and political analysis, publishing bimonthly print issues as well as daily online dispatches. Why did the producer cross the road?—Because that’s the way the Beatles did it, man.) – Ability to tune and maintain all the required instruments and electronics, so as to insure that everything is in proper working order. The Baffler no. Food and per diems: $7,875 He had a guy bring in a slew of expensive old “vintage” microphones. A consonant note? Ensure problem will not come back and communicate lessons learned. Butch Vig is out of the question—he wants 100 g’s and three points, but they can get Don Fleming for $30,000 plus three points. There is a pervasive caricature in popular culture of a portly, middle aged ex-hipster talking a mile-a-minute, using outdated jargon and calling everybody “baby.” After meeting “their” A&R guy, the band will say to themselves and everyone else, “He’s not like a record company guy at all! Which equalizer has the least phase shift in neighbor bands? Legal fees: $10,000, Recording Budget: $150,000 The manager says publishing is pretty mysterious, and nobody really knows where all the money comes from, but the lawyer can look that contract over too. Despite being told to “never turn your back” on prisoners, Wood befriended one. Which gain control device has the least distortion, a VCA, a printed plastic pot, a photoresistor or a wire-wound stepped attenuator? They are always well sourced and factual. The Baffler Magazine #15 book. and Sloan and Stereolab) use buses on their tours even when they’re getting paid only a couple hundred bucks a night, and this tour should earn at least a grand or two every night. Learn the job and become an engineer. Promotional budget: $25,000 Now _The Baffler_ - with the totally altruistic goal of helping us out - has told us again that we're powerless, has strengthened the case, and has done nothing to correct this impression. Consumable supplies: $3,500 The lackey shouts to everybody that the first one to swim the trench gets to sign the contract. If needed, repeat the 8-Step Problem Solving Process to drive further improvements. A state employee reads the newspaper at the reception of the Defense Committee of the Revolution (CDR). That is, once the band sign it, they are under obligation to conclude a deal with the label. When he sits down with the band for the first time, over a plate of angel hair pasta, he can tell them with all sincerity that when they sign with company X, they’re really signing with him, and he’s on their side. Successitudes Totes, mugs, T-shirts and the like . The Baffler No. The next tour will be about the same, except the merchandising advance will have already been paid, and the band, strangely enough, won’t have earned any royalties from their t-shirts yet. The spookiest thing about this harmless sounding little “memo,” is that it is, for all legal purposes, a binding document. Buses are pretty expensive, but if you figure in the price of a hotel room for everybody in the band and crew, they’re actually about the same cost. Copy link mix3d commented Jan 5, 2021. Hydrocarbons from the Williams Central compressor, photographed with a FLIR thermal imaging camera and a normal digital camera, Brooklyn Township, Pennsylvania, 2014. DAT tapes deteriorate over time, and when they do, the information on them is lost forever. Engineers tell jokes about producers the way people back in Montana tell jokes about North Dakotans. There’s no need to skew the figures to make the scenario look bad, since real-life examples more than abound. But you knew that already: for the last few years, the buzz surrounding the magazine has been difficult to miss. The Baffler is America’s leading voice of interesting and unexpected left-wing political criticism, cultural analysis, short stories, poems and art. New fancy rack of lights bass amp: $1,000 But the truth is, ideologically and politically these are very, very different systems. Actually almost opposite to each other. Which mastering deck has the cleanest output electronics? This means more than plugging a guitar into a tuner. Their booking agent is excited about the band signing to a major. That’s a lot of money in any man’s english. Catering: $1,000 This is terrific, I thought—it may not go down in the annals with The Jungle, but “The Problem With Music” exposes an industry’s follies and misdeeds with a witty, unpretentious anger rarely heard on the left these days. I have personally seen tapes go irretrievably bad in less than a month. They’re signed for four years, with options on each year, for a total of over a million dollars! Manager: $51,000 Bundle of $10 bags of heroin. The Baffler No. Albini's most famous piece of writing is the essay "The Problem with Music", which was first published in the December 1993 issue of art and criticism journal The Baffler. 48. As much as I still want to like The Baffler, however, they lose me with articles like this one. Step 8: Continuously Improve Look for additional opportunities to implement solution. The Baffler no. Courtesy of Eric Lee. The epigraph stamped on The Baffler no. Lawyer: $12,000. Photo by John Power. They’re pretty ordinary, but they’re also pretty good, so they’ve attracted some attention. The label picked them up in a limo. Wow. Courtesy of HBO. Cartage and Transportation: $5,000 Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Will putting an unbalanced line on a half-normalled jack unbalance the normal signal path? If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. From the newly-online archives of The Baffler. “The Problem With Music” turned out to be as good as its reputation. Remember that great gig I saw you at in ’85? He says anything is possible with the right attitude. The founders, Thomas Frank and Keith White, were recent graduates of the University of Virginia. The Kurds in turn cite examples of discrimination against them within the opposition. The agent says a band on a major label can get a merchandising company to pay them an advance on t-shirt sales! The Baffler no. The Baffler does use loaded words and they do have a left-center bias politically, through criticism of the right. Composite of drilling rig image from Rome, Pennsylvania and hundreds of images taken by a Hop Bottom, Pennsylvania resident of the volume of truck traffic passing in front of a neighbor’s home over four days of the operation of a nearby shale gas well pad. Photo by Fernando Montero Castrillo. It’ll be worth it. Backstroke.”. —Dilar Dirik, “Rojava vs. the World,” February 2015. I imagine these people, some of them good friends, some of them barely acquaintances, at one end of this trench. Because the crappy engineers that inhabit crappy studios are too thick to learn how to align and maintain analog mastering decks, they’re all using DAT machines exclusively. Trying just makes them seem even dumber. Many of the annoying turds who used to staff college radio stations are in their ranks as well. The essays in this issue of The Baffler, which we’re calling “ReGlobalization,” are not set moralistically against American domestic controversies of the sort weirdly churned out during presidential elections. The situation is worse in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, where the Kurds are a minority people subjected to ethnically targeted violations of human rights. The initials stand for “Artist and Repertoire,” because historically, the A&R staff would select artists to record music that they had also selected, out of an available pool of each. Tape machines ought to be big and cumbersome and difficult to use, if only to keep the riff-raff out. No. Tape machines ought to be big and cumbersome and difficult to use, if only to keep the riff-raff out. Historically, the progression of effort required to become a producer went like this: Go to college, get an EE degree. 48—Body Shots November 2019. Large revolts were suppressed in 1925, 1930, and 1938, and the repression escalated with the formation of the PKK as a national liberation party, resulting in civil war in the Kurdish region from 1984 to 1999. Shirt . The first person you meet in New Yorker journalist Ben Taub’s Pulitzer-winning story “Guantánamo’s Darkest Secret” is the kindly guard. 1, from Arthur Rimbaud’s “Morning of Drunkenness,” introduced it as a punk literary magazine. The minimum skills required to do an adequate job recording an album are: – Working knowledge of all the microphones at hand and their properties and uses. To that end, they got a manager. Lawyer’s fee: $1,000, Record sales: 250,000 @ $12 = $3,000,000 gross retail revenue Royalty (13% of 90% of retail): $351,000 The band cannot sign to another label or even put out its own material unless they are released from their agreement, which never happens. He takes his cut, sure, but it’s only 15%, and if he can get them signed then it’s money well spent. Mike Gitter, former editor of XXX fanzine and contributor to Rip, Kerrang and other lowbrow rags is one of them. In Iran, though there have been small separatist movements, Kurds are mostly subjected to the same repressive treatment as everyone else (though they also face Persian and Shi’ite chauvinism, and a number of Kurdish political prisoners were recently executed). Since this is a skill that's important to most employers, put them front and center on your resume, cover letter, and in interviews. We need to imagine new structures of care to cope with the current crisis—and the next one. Didn’t we have a blast. Price: $ 14.00 Add to Cart Our incumbent ... “Whether you see fertility as a problem or opportunity is up to you,” she writes. They named their magazine as a joke on academic fads like undecidability, then in fashion. What reference fluxivity gives you the lowest self-noise from biased, unrecorded tape? Gross profit: $710,000, This is how much each player got paid at the end of the game. He had these technicians come in and tune the drums for them and tweak their amps and guitars. These letters never have any term of expiry, so the band remain bound by the deal memo until a contract is signed, no matter how long that takes. Well, they like this guy and they trust him. Every major label involved in the hunt for new bands now has on staff a high-profile point man, an “A&R” rep who can present a comfortable face to any prospective band. Proclamation of the reclaiming of Alcatraz by the Indians of All Tribes, November 1969 (National Parks Service), Entrance to Alcatraz in 2008 (Babak Fakhamzadeh / Flickr), Letter from the Indians of All Tribes to the National Council on Indian Opportunity, January 1970 (National Parks Service), Sign on Alcatraz during occupation, 1969–60 (National Parks Service). Search for: Store Home; Books; Issues; Successitudes; Cart (0 items) Search for: Press return to see results. The lawyer should look over the merchandising contract, just to be safe. 5. Some bands (like Therapy? Read 3 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Which tape manufacturer closes every year in July, causing shortages of tape globally? These A&R guys are not allowed to write contracts. No actual drumming allowed on most records. Turkey: For much of its modern history, Turkey has pursued a policy of forced assimilation towards its minority peoples; this policy is particularly stringent in the case of the Kurds—until recently referred to as the “mountain Turks”—who make up 20 percent of the total population. Who better to promise them the moon than an idealistic young turk who expects to be calling the shots in a few years, and who has had no previous experience with a big record company. The A&R guy was full of great ideas, even talked about using a name producer. Producer’s advance: $50,000 The next album will be about the same, except that the record company will insist they spend more time and money on it. The Baffler no. Recording tape: $8,000 They’re still not sure about it, but the lawyer says he’s seen a lot of contracts, and theirs is pretty good. Another label expressed interest, but when the A&R man was asked to release the band, he said he would need money or points, or possibly both, before he would consider it. Their land was given to Arabs. The policy has included forced population transfers; a ban on use of the Kurdish language, costume, music, festivals, and names; and extreme repression of any attempt at resistance. Samples only. Protest against neoliberalism in Colombia, 2013. This worker is teaching people to use the iPads that will one day replace her. thank you. The band members have each earned about 1/3 as much as they would working at a 7-11, but they got to ride in a tour bus for a month. Net royalty: (-$14,000), Record company income: Members of the People’s Guard on motorcycles, 1920. They meet the guy, and y’know what—he’s not what they expected from a label guy. Which console has more head-room? After World War I, their lands were divided up between Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Problem-solving starts with identifying the issue, coming up with solutions, implementing those solutions, and evaluating their effectiveness. Which has more headroom, a discrete class A microphone preamp with a transformer output or a differential circuit built with monolithics? The A&R person is the first person to make contact with the band, and as such is the first person to promise them the moon. They’re signed to a moderate-sized “independent” label owned by a distribution company, and they have another two albums owed to the label. They decided to go with the producer who used to be in Letterman’s band. New fancy professional guitars (2): $3,000 Mastering: $10,000 The essay criticizes the music industry, and specifically the major record labels of the time, for financially exploiting and deceiving their artists. Eventually, one of them capitulates, and there’s only one contestant left. They sound like shit and every crappy studio has one now because they’re so cheap. Fuel: $3,000 Producer’s points: (3% less $50,000 advance) $40,000 Iraq: In 1986–89, Saddam Hussein conducted a genocidal campaign in which tens of thousands were murdered and thousands of Kurdish villages destroyed, including by bombing and chemical warfare. Wasn’t it Buffalo Tom that were only getting 12% less 10? – Experience with every piece of equipment which might be of use and every function it may provide. Baffler back issues, all the way from the beginning. Online editing: $3,000 He had grown tired of his rollerblades and his mountain bike; he hungered for a new lifestyle, a new set of accessories. I’m sorry, but promoting the idea that all we need to fix the problems facing America is come to “grips with womb-based womanhood,” as in, “let’s return to the womb,” is politically-correct nonsense. Calling people like Don Fleming, Al Jourgensen, Lee Ranaldo or Jerry Harrison “producers” in the traditional sense is akin to calling Bernie a “shortstop” because he watched the whole playoffs this year. 54 . Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Route information adapted from the International Organization for Migration, August 2015, by Colin Kinniburgh. Agent: $7,500 May 2017, Havana, Cuba. The Baffler No. Boy, was he professional. Can a bassoon play a concert E-flat in key with a piano tuned to a reference A of 440 Hz? Deficit from royalties: $14,000 A street vendor selling tropical fruits in front of a Benetton shop in Old Havana. They’d like to get signed by a major label so they can have some security—you know, get some good equipment, tour in a proper tour bus—nothing fancy, just a little reward for all the hard work. Nobody can see what’s printed on the contract. This means more than knowing what echo sounds like. Manager’s cut: $37,500 Hell, Sub Pop got 3 points when they let Nirvana go. Get a job as an assistant at a studio. Everything had to be run through Pultec EQs. Iraqi Kurdistan has two main political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), both clan-based and patriarchal.